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Housing and Economic Research

Original research and analysis on housing trends, the economy and the mortgage market

  • Research Brief | December 20, 2022

    Housing Sentiment in the Fourth Quarter of 2022

    In the fourth quarter of 2022, consumer confidence continued to decline while payment concerns increased notably. More

    In the fourth quarter of 2022, consumer confidence in the housing market dipped to its lowest level since early 2020.
  • Research Note | December 7, 2022

    The Drivers of Financial Stress and Sustainable Homeownership

    This analysis explores the drivers of financial stress among first-time homebuyers. Identifying the factors leading to household financial stress is important to understanding what makes homeownership sustainable. More

    Exhibit 1: Means of select variables
  • Research Note | November 9, 2022

    Migration to Environmentally Risky Areas: A Consequence of the Pandemic

    The pandemic amplified the exodus from large, expensive metro areas to smaller, more affordable destinations. Many such desirable destinations that are farther from the cities are not only less costly but are also closer to natural amenities. Natural amenities, however are often associated with environmental risks and moving closer to these amenities can also mean increased exposure to various natural hazards. More

    Inflows to high-risk areas from low and moderate-risk areas have doubled since the pandemic
  • Research Note | November 3, 2022

    Freddie Mac’s Newly Enhanced Mortgage Rate Survey Explained

    To ensure that Freddie Mac’s Primary Mortgage Market Survey® continues to provide high-quality information on the mortgage market, we are making new enhancements to our methodology. More

    PMMS Banner
  • Research Brief | November 2, 2022

    Homeowners Hold Positive Attitudes Toward Renovating But Cost, Financing Awareness and Emotion Hold Them Back

    Older housing stock and higher levels of home equity may encourage more owners and buyers to renovate. But many are not prepared for long-term or costlier projects. More

    45% of renovators would consider a loan to pay for the project costs
  • Forecast | October 21, 2022

    Quarterly Forecast: Rapidly Rising Rates & Declining Demand Driving a Housing Market Slowdown

    Mortgage interest rates have increased at the fastest rate since the early 1980s. The increase in rates has been driven by a general increase in interest rates throughout the economy, which in turn have been primarily driven by inflation. More

    Table chart of Quarterly Forecast: October 2022 Snapshot

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Opinions, estimates, forecasts, and other views contained in this document are those of Freddie Mac’s economists and other researchers, do not necessarily represent the views of Freddie Mac or its management, and should not be construed as indicating Freddie Mac’s business prospects or expected results. Although the authors attempt to provide reliable, useful information, they do not guarantee that the information or other content in this document is accurate, current or suitable for any particular purpose. All content is subject to change without notice. All content is provided on an “as is” basis, with no warranties of any kind whatsoever. Information from this document may be used with proper attribution. Alteration of this document or its content is strictly prohibited. ©2025 by Freddie Mac.

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Primary Mortgage Market Survey®

Average Rates as of May 8, 2025
30-Yr FRM
6.76%
15-Yr FRM
5.89%

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