• Research Note | May 10, 2022

    Racial & Ethnic Valuation Gaps in Home Purchase Appraisals - A Modeling Approach

    This Research Note builds on our previous Note published in September 2021 to report on a refined and expanded modeling approach that Freddie Mac adopted in the racial valuation gap context. Our first Note analyzed tract averages as little research existed on this important topic and we wanted to spark a discussion and receive feedback on our approach leading to subsequent work. This Note reflects much of the feedback we have received. More

    202203 Note Appraisals Exhibit 01
  • Research Note | April 25, 2022

    Trends in Mortgage Refinancing Activity

    This Research Note covers recent developments in the U.S. mortgage market. We review trends in mortgage refinancing activity, including a detailed look at payment savings and equity extraction through cash-out refinances. We also examine recent trends in mortgage origination discount points and fees and close with a discussion of heterogeneity in the mortgage market. More

    U.S. single-family mortgage refinance originations (2021 U.S. dollars, billions)

Opinions, estimates, forecasts, and other views contained in this document are those of Freddie Mac’s economists and other researchers, do not necessarily represent the views of Freddie Mac or its management, and should not be construed as indicating Freddie Mac’s business prospects or expected results. Although the authors attempt to provide reliable, useful information, they do not guarantee that the information or other content in this document is accurate, current or suitable for any particular purpose. All content is subject to change without notice. All content is provided on an “as is” basis, with no warranties of any kind whatsoever. Information from this document may be used with proper attribution. Alteration of this document or its content is strictly prohibited. © 2022 by Freddie Mac ©2022 by Freddie Mac.