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Insights, Notes & Briefs

  • Research Brief | May 6, 2022

    Homebuyers in Coastal Florida Are Not Factoring Sea Level Rise Risk into Home Prices

    Our analysis showed that home prices in coastal Florida may not be taking into account the future risk of rising sea levels. More

    .5% price premium for homes at risk from sea level rise not within floodplains
  • Research Note | April 25, 2022

    Trends in Mortgage Refinancing Activity

    This Research Note covers recent developments in the U.S. mortgage market. We review trends in mortgage refinancing activity, including a detailed look at payment savings and equity extraction through cash-out refinances. We also examine recent trends in mortgage origination discount points and fees and close with a discussion of heterogeneity in the mortgage market. More

    U.S. single-family mortgage refinance originations (2021 U.S. dollars, billions)
  • Research Note | March 16, 2022

    Sea Level Rise and Impact on Home Prices in Coastal Florida

    In this Research Note, we assess whether primary homebuyers and residential market investors in coastal Florida consider the future risk of rising sea levels when making a home purchase decision and whether they pay less for homes they deem at risk. More

    Exhibit 1: Showing sales of homes within a quarter mile of coastline by year
  • Research Note | October 29, 2021

    Refinance Trends in the First Half of 2021

    In the first half of 2021, homeowners continued to take advantage of the low mortgage rates and increased home equity to refinance their properties, reducing their monthly payments and extracting equity through cash-out refinances. More

    Exhibit 1: Showing chart of single-family mortgage refinance originations (2020 U.S. dollars, billions)
  • Research Note | August 26, 2021

    The Growth of Sole-person Households: Creating Even More Demand for Smaller, More Affordable Homes

    One of the key changes in household composition is the increase in sole-person households. In the past 40 years, sole-person households have almost doubled in the United States. More

    Exhibit 1: Share of sole-person households
  • Research Note | July 12, 2021

    Has An Urban Exodus Occurred? Residential Environment Trends Shaping the Future of Where We Live

    As we noted in a previous report, there was an observed shift of home purchases in the last decade, even before the onset of COVID-19, from urban areas to suburbs and rural towns. We went on to link several possible socioeconomic factors driving the ongoing trend of household migration away from urban areas. More

    Line graph showing year-over-year inventory change of homes for sale by neighborhood type

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Opinions, estimates, forecasts, and other views contained in this document are those of Freddie Mac’s economists and other researchers, do not necessarily represent the views of Freddie Mac or its management, and should not be construed as indicating Freddie Mac’s business prospects or expected results. Although the authors attempt to provide reliable, useful information, they do not guarantee that the information or other content in this document is accurate, current or suitable for any particular purpose. All content is subject to change without notice. All content is provided on an “as is” basis, with no warranties of any kind whatsoever. Information from this document may be used with proper attribution. Alteration of this document or its content is strictly prohibited. ©2025 by Freddie Mac.

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